This course will learn about financial marekts including the stock and bond markets from the macroeconomic perspectives, concepts of money, money stock, and money creation (and crypto assets), practices of conventoinal and unconventional monetary policy. Since the global financial crisis, major central banks in advanced economies fell into a situation where conventional monetary policy is no longer applicable. This is because short-term interest rates have reached around 0%. As a result, major central banks have adopted unconventional monetary policy including large-scale asset purchases (quantitative easing) and forward guidance.In addition, the Bank of Japan and the European Central Bank have introduced a negative interest rate policy. Nevertheless, side effects and growing criticism from the banking sector and institutional investors have been growing. Since the COVID-19 crisis, some emerging economies adopted quantiative easing. This course will take an overview over recent monetary policy changes and challenges as well.