
Fallen into disrepair in the World War II, the Europe restarted from the repentance of its own historical faults, and is now back in full force. Europeans have various advantages: historical importance of Nation-states, international network such as EU, diverse human resources, well-arranged education system, coexistence of multilingual-multicultural societies and communication between them. Significantly, this Europe is now pursuing social and regional integration with articulation of diversity and universality. Its current situation shows us how we should live together in a globalized age. In this course, we will focus on German and French societies in the context of developing and deepening European integration as an answer to issues that challenge all humans and also of its moments of crisis such as Brexit and populisms.