Environmental problems are caused by the interaction between natural and human systems. We need scientific knowledge of both systems to understand and solve the problems. This course examines techniques for measuring and analyzing various aspects of nature and humans in the context of "desertification," one of the major global environmental problems, and "protected areas," which are at the forefront of nature conservation activities around the world. After learning various measurement techniques through lectures and hands-on practice, students discuss what can be achieved by combining multiple measurement techniques and what techniques are further needed in the future through a mini-project or workshop.