This course focuses on Japanese local and prefectural government. Japanese language is used for this course, including reading assignments. Institutional and fiscal Problems in Japanese local government,, Decentralization, Acceptance of New Public Management and Public-Private Partnership in Japanese local government, Policy innovation, Citizen participation, and Crisis management will be the topics of this course, but there may be some changes for emerging important topics, depending on the students' interest. Lecture of basic knowledge and reading assignment for this topic are combined in every topic.