This course provides a broad overview of history and phenomena of social entrepreneur, particularly of the innovative characteristics of NPOs and NGOs from diversified perspectives, especially social movement. The activities of NPOs have pioneered new activities/business and have played key roles in various fields of environment, international aid, social welfare, education and so on. In Japan, since the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake, the emergence of NPOs has been significant. In public-interest activities in Japan, NPOs in private sector have taken roles historically, however the history and the reality have not been fully well known. The objective of this class is to understand the theory of NPOs, the history, the current situation and the characteristics of civil society in Japan.