Biodiversity is crucial for life on Earth ecosystems. However, human activities have been affected a serious threat to biodiversity, which suppress the Earth’s species, and impoverishing their genetic diversity at an alarming rate. Do you think about loss of biodiversity mean to our human life? In this lecture, we will explore how plant and animal diversity do create and sustain functioning of ecosystems and how they are influenced by land management. In addition, we will discuss how our scientific knowledge is transferred to policy making to promote sustainable development.